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| | | PicPuter 2.0 : Chapter 7 : Registers |
All of the internal pic registers can be accessed by name. Some registers like FSR, INFD, and PCLATH do not function in basic but their functions can all be done through other means. These registers were included for use during a disassemble.
Since registers are implemented by the pic hardware, additional information on any of these registers is available , in the __MICROCHIP__ PIC16F87x Programmers Reference Manual at thier website.
 7.0 Internal Pic Registers |
| 7.01 | ADRESH | Adress Latch Hi |
Reset Defaults:
PowerOn: Brownout: MCLR: Watchdog:
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| 7.02 | ADRESL | Adress Latch Low |
Reset Defaults:
PowerOn: Brownout: MCLR: Watchdog:
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Reset Defaults:
PowerOn: Brownout: MCLR: Watchdog:
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Reset Defaults:
PowerOn:0x80 Brownout:0x80 MCLR:unchanged Watchdog:unchanged
| ADFM | - | - | - | PCFG3 | PCFG2 | PCFG1 | PCFG0 |
bit 7: ADFM
bit 0,1,2,3: PCFG3-PCFG3
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Reset Defaults:
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Reset Defaults:
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Reset Defaults:
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Reset Defaults:
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Reset Defaults:
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Reset Defaults:
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Reset Defaults:
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Reset Defaults:
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| 7.13 | INTCON | Interupt Control Register
|
Interupt Control Register
| GIE | PEIE | T0IE | INTE | RBIE | T0IF | INTF | RBIF |
Bit 7 : GIE : Global Interupt Enable
Bit 6 : PEIE : Peripheral Interupt Enable
Bit 5 : T0IE : Timer 0 Interupt Enable
Bit 4 : INTE : PortB.0 Interupt Enable
Bit 3 : RBIE : PortB Interupt Enable
Bit 2 : T0IF : Timer 0 Interupt Flag
Bit 1 : INTF : PortB.0 Interupt Flag
Bit 0 : RBIF : PortB Interupt Flag
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| 7.14 | OPTION_REG | 'OPTION_REG Register' |
The Microchip 'OPTION_REG Register'
| RBPU | INTEDG | T0CS | T0SE | PSA | PS2 | PS1 | PS0 |
This is the only register that Microchip used an underscore. This exception causes OPTION_REG to be listed as OPTION?REG. I will probably just shorten it to OPTION in future releases.
Bit 7 : RBPU : PortB Pull Up Enable
Bit 6 : INTEDG : Interupt Edge Select
Bit 5 : T0CS : Timer 0 Clock Sorce
Bit 4 : T0SE : Timer 0 Source Enable
Bit 3 : PSA : Prescale Assignment
Bit 2,1,0 : PS_ : Prescale Rate Select
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Assembly Program Counter Low
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| 7.16 | PCLATH | Assembly PC Latch High |
Assembly Program Counter Latch High.
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Power Control
Bit 7 : unused :
Bit 6 : unused :
Bit 5 : unused :
Bit 4 : unused :
Bit 3 : unused :
Bit 2 : unused :
Bit 1 : POR : Power On Reset Flag
Bit 0 : BOR : Brown Out Reset Flag
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| 7.18 | PIE1 | Peripheral Interupt Enable 1 |
Peripheral Interupt Enable 1.
| PSPIE | ADIE | RCIE | TXIE | SSPIE | CCP1IE | TMR2IE | TMR1IE |
Bit 7 : PSPIE : Parallel Slave port Interupt Enable
Bit 6 : ADIE : ADC Interupt Enable
Bit 5 : RCIE : Serial Port Recieve Interupt Enable
Bit 4 : TXIE : Serial Port Transmit Interupt Enable
Bit 3 : SSPEI : Syncronous Serial Port Interupt Enable
Bit 2 : CCP1IE : CCP1 Interupt Enable
Bit 1 : TMR2IE : Timer 2 Interupt Enable
Bit 0 : TMR1IE : Timer 1 Interupt Enable
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| 7.19 | PIE2 | Peripheral Interupt Enable 2 |
Peripheral Interupt Enable 2.
| -- | -- | -- | EEIE | BCLIE | -- | -- | CCP2IE |
Bit 7 : unused :
Bit 6 : unused :
Bit 5 : unused :
Bit 4 : EEIE : EEProm Write Interupt Enable
Bit 3 : BCLIE : Bus Collision Interupt Enable
Bit 2 : unused :
Bit 1 : unused :
Bit 0 : CCP2IE : CCP2 Interupt Enable
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| 7.20 | PIR1 | Peripheral Interupt Flag 1 |
Peripheral Interupt Flag 1.
| PSPIE | ADIE | RCIE | TXIE | SSPIE | CCP1IE | TMR2IE | TMR1IE |
Bit 7 : PSPIF : Parallel Slave port Interupt Flag
Bit 6 : ADIF : ADC Interupt Flag
Bit 5 : RCIF : Serial Port Recieve Interupt Flag
Bit 4 : TXIF : Serial Port Transmit Interupt Flag
Bit 3 : SSPIF : Syncronous Serial Port Interupt Flag
Bit 2 : CCP1IF : CCP1 Interupt Flag
Bit 1 : TMR2IF : Timer 2 Interupt Flag
Bit 0 : TMR1IF : Timer 1 Interupt Flag
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| 7.21 | PIR2 | Peripheral Interupt Flag 2 |
Peripheral Interupt Flag 2.
Bit 7 : unused :
Bit 6 : unused :
Bit 5 : unused :
Bit 4 : EEIF : EEProm Write Interupt Flag
Bit 3 : BCLIF : Bus Collision Interupt Flag
Bit 2 : unused :
Bit 1 : unused :
Bit 0 : CCP2IF : CCP2 Interupt Flag
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Digital IO PortA data register.
This register is used to read or write the state of the pins on PORTA. You may use the statements _SETB_ or _CLRB_ to set individual pin output or use a statement like 'PORTA = $0F' to write all of the bits. If the port is set to input data, you may read the entire port by a statement like 'X=PORTA', or you can use the _WAIT_ or _WAITLO_ statements to pause execution until a pin reads HI or LOW.
PortA is also used for the Analog to digital converters, they must be turned off prior to using PortA for digital IO. The ADC converter is turned off by clearing the
CONFIGURATOR bit 6 using the statement CLRB CONFIGURATOR 6 or its _CONTRACTION_ CLRCON6 . The register _TRISA_ controls the direction of each pin of the digital IO port.
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Digital IO PortB data register.
This register is used to read or write the state of the pins on PORTB. You may use the statements _SETB_ or _CLRB_ to set individual pin output or use a statement like 'PORTB = 15' to write all of the bits. If the port is set to input data, you may read the entire port by a statement like 'X=PORTB', or you can use the _WAIT_ or _WAITLO_ statements to pause execution until a pin reads HI or LOW.
PortB bits 2,4,5,6,7 is also used for LCD Port, it must be turned off prior to using these bits of PortB for general purpose digital IO. The LCD port is turned off by clearing the CONFIGURATOR bit 2 using the statement CLRB CONFIGURATOR 2 or its contraction CLRCON2. The register _TRISB_ controls the direction of each pin of the digital IO port.
The remaining bits 0,1,3 are currently unused but future versions may use them to decode a PC keyboard as an alternative input device.
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Reset Defaults:
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Digital IO PortD data register.
This register is used to read or write the state of the pins on PORTD. You may use the statements _SETB_ or _CLRB_ to set individual pin output or use a statement like 'PORTD = 15' to write all of the bits. If the port is set to input data, you may read the entire port by a statement like 'X=PORTD', or you can use the _WAIT_ or _WAITLO_ statements to pause execution until a pin reads HI or LOW.
PortD is shared with the parallel slave port. This feature is unused by PicPuter so all of these bit are avalable for general purpose IO.
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Reset Defaults:
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Reset Defaults:
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Reset Defaults:
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Reset Defaults:
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| 7.30 | STATUS | Status Register |
Status Register.
Bit 7 : IRP : Indirect Register Bank Select
Bit 6,5 : RP_ : Register Bank Select
Bit 4 : TO : Timeout Bit
Bit 3 : PD : Power-Down Bit
Bit 2 : Z : Zero Bit
Bit 1 : DC : Digital Carry
Bit 0 : C : Carry
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| 7.31 | SSPBUF | Syncronous Serial Port TX/RX Buffer |
Syncronous Serial Port TX/RX Data Port.
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| 7.32 | SSPCON | Syncronous Serial Port Control Register |
Syncronous Serial Port Control Register.
| WCOL | SSPOV | SSPEB | CKP | SSPM3 | SSPM2 | SSPM1 | SSPM0 |
Bit 7 : WCOL : Write Collision Flag
Bit 6 : SSPOV : SSP Recieve Overflow Flag
Bit 5 : SSPEN : SSP Enable
Bit 4 : CKP : Clock Polarity
Bit 3-0 : SSPM_ : SSP Select Bits
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| 7.33 | SSPCON2 | Syncronous Serial Port Control Register 2 |
Syncronous Serial Port Control Register 2.
| GCEB | ACKSTAT | ACKDT | ACKEN | RCEN | PEN | RSEN | SEN |
Bit 7 : GCEB : I2C General Call Enable
Bit 6 : ACKSTAT : I2C Acknowledge Status Bit
Bit 5 : ACKDT : I2C Acknowledge Data Bit
Bit 4 : ACKEN : I2C Acknowledge Sequence Enable
Bit 3 : RCEN : Recieve Enable Bit
Bit 2 : PEN : STOP Condition Enable Bit
Bit 1 : RSEN : Repeat Start Condition Enable
Bit 0 : SEN : Start Condition Enable Bit
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| 7.34 | SSPADD | I2S Slave Address |
I2S Slave Address or I2S Master Baud Rate Register.
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| 7.35 | SSPSTAT | Syncronous Serial Port Status Register |
Syncronous Serial Port Status Register.
Bit 7 : SMP : Sample Bit
Bit 6 : CKE : SPI Clock Edge Select
Bit 5 : D/A : I2C Data / Adress bit
Bit 4 : P : Stop Bit
Bit 3 : S : Start Bit
Bit 2 : R/W : I2C Read Write Info
Bit 1 : UA : Update Address
Bit 0 : BF : Buffer Full Status Bit
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| 7.36 | SPBRG | uart baud rate period |
Adjusts the serial port baud rate.
This register is used to set the baud rate of the serial port. Since the serial port timing is dependent on the crystal frequency, its value must also change when a different frequency crystal is used.
To alter the baud rate simply use the chart below to get the correct value for your crystal frequency and desired baud rate. A statement like 'SPBRG=32' changes the baud rate only until the next reset.
It can be change permanently by altering the autoconfig script. More information us avaiable in the
serial port section.
| Crystal | PR2 | 115.2 | 57.6 | 37.4 | 19.2 | 9600 | 4800 | 2400 | 1200 | | 20,275,200 | 197 | 10 | 21 | 32 | 65 | 131 | -- | -- | -- | | 19,353,600 | 188 | -NA- | 20 | -NA- | 62 | 125 | 251 | -- | -- | | 18,432,000 | 179 | 9 | 19 | 29 | 59 | 119 | 239 | -- | -- | | 17,510,400 | 170 | -NA- | 18 |
-NA- | 56 | 113 | 226 | -- | -- | | 16,588,800 | 161 | 8 | 17 | 26 | 53 | 107 | 215 | -- | -- | | 15,667,200 | 152 | -NA- | 16 | -NA- | 50 | 101 | 203 | -- | -- | | 14,745,600 | 143 | 7 | 15 | 23 | 47 | 95 | 191 | -- | -- | | 13,824,000 | 134 | -NA- | 14 | -NA- | 44 | 89 | 179 | -- | -- | | 12,902,400 | 125 | 6 | 13 | 20 | 41 | 83 | 167 | -- | -- | | 11,980,800 |
116 | -NA- | 12 | -NA- | 38 | 77 | 155 | -- | -- | | 11,059,200 | 107 | 5 | 11 | 17 | 35 | 71 | 143 | -- | -- | | 10,137,600 | 98 | -NA- | 10 | -NA- | 32 | 65 | 131 | -- | -- | | 9,216,000 | 89 | 4 | 9 | 14 | 29 | 59 | 119 | 239 | -- |
While PicPuter will fuction with any crystal frequency, you should use recommended ones because they perfectly divide by the baud rate for the serial port which ensures error free communication.
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| 7.37 | T1CON | Timer 1 Control Register |
Timer 1 Control Register.
| -- |
-- | T1CKPS1 | T1CKPS0 | T1OSCEN | T1SYNC | TMR1CS | TMR1ON |
Timer1 is unused by PicPuter. PicPuter also has a vector location that can be used to determine when the timer overflows. There are several modes available for Timer 1, consult the _MICROCHIP_ documentation for further information.
Bit 7 : Unused :
Bit 6 : Unused :
Bit 5 : T1CKPS1 : Timer 1 Clock Prescale Select Bit 1
Bit 4 : T1CKPS0 : Timer 1 Clock Prescale Select Bit 1
Bit 3 : T1OSCEN : Timer 1 Oscillator Enable Control Bit
Bit 2 : T1SYNC : Timer 1 External Clock Input Sync Control Bit
Bit 1 : TMR1CS : Timer 1 Clock Source Select Bit.
Bit 0 : TMR1ON : Timer 1 On Bit
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| 7.38 | T2CON | Timer 2 Control Register |
Timer 2 Control Register.
| -- | TOUTP3 | TOUTP2 | TOUTP1 | TOUTP0 | TMR2ON | T2CKPS1 | T2CKPS0 |
This register is used by Timer 2 as its control register. Timer2 is used extensively by PicPuter as its time base. It is best just to leave this register alone.
Bit 7 : Unused :
Bit 6 : TOUTPS3 : Timer 2 Output Postscale Bit 3
Bit 5 : TOUTPS2 : Timer 2 Output Postscale Bit 2
Bit 4 : TOUTPS1 : Timer 2 Output Postscale Bit 1
Bit 3 : TOUTPS0 : Timer 2 Output Postscale Bit 0
Bit 2 : TMR2ON : Timer 2 On Bit
Bit 1 : T2CKPS1 : Timer 2 Clock Prescale Select Bit 1
Bit 0 : T2CKPS0 : Timer 2 Clock Prescale Select Bit 0
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Timer 0 Count Register.
This register is used by Timer 0 as its count. Timer0 is unused by PicPuter. PicPuter has an IRQ vector location that is called whenever an unmasked interupt occurs and CONFIGURATOR SERVICE VECTORS bit is set. There are several modes available for Timer 0, consult the _MICROCHIP_ documentation for furtur information.
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| 7.40 | TMR1L | Timer 1 Count Low |
Timer 1 Count Register Least Significant Bits.
Timer1 is unused by PicPuter. This register is used by Timer 1 as the lower 8 bits of its count. PicPuter has an IRQ vector location that is called whenever an unmasked interupt occurs and CONFIGURATOR SERVICE VECTORS bit is set. There are several modes available for Timer 1, consult the _MICROCHIP_ documentation for furtur information.
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| 7.41 | TMR1H | Timer 1 count high |
Timer 1 Count Register Most Significant Bits.
This register is used by Timer 1 as the upper 8 bits of its count. Timer1 is unused by PicPuter. PicPuter has an IRQ vector location that is called whenever an unmasked interupt occurs and CONFIGURATOR SERVICE VECTORS bit is set. There are several modes available for Timer 1, consult the _MICROCHIP_ documentation for furtur information.
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| 7.42 | TMR2 | Timer 2 Module Register |
Timer 2 count register.
This register is used by Timer 2 as its count. Timer2 is used extensively by PicPuter as its time base. Since Timer 1 and Timer 0 are unused, it would be better just to use them instead. It would be best just to leave all timer 2 registers alone, unless you want to goof up the clock.
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| 7.43 | TRISA | IO PortA direction |
Digital IO PortA direction register.
TRISA controls the direction of each pin of the
PORTA digital IO port. Writing a one to a bit sets the pin to an input, writing a zero sets the pin to an output.
PORTA is also used for the Analog to digital converters, they must be turned off before using PortA for digital IO. The ADC converter is turned off by clearing the CONFIGURATOR ADC bit.
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| 7.44 | TRISB | IO PortB direction |
Digital IO PortB direction register.
TRISB controls the direction of each pin of the
PORTB digital IO port. Writing a one to a bit sets the pin to an input, writing a zero sets the pin to an output.
PortB bits 1,3,4,5,6,7 are also used for LCD Port. The LCD port is turned off by clearing the CONFIGURATOR LCD bit. When the LCD is off, PORTB may be used for general purpose digital IO.
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| 7.45 | TRISC | IO PortC direction |
Digital IO PortC direction register.
TRISC controls the direction of each pin of the
PORTC digital IO port. Writing a one to a bit sets the pin to an input, writing a zero sets the pin to an output.
Bits 0, 6 and 7 of PORTC are also used for the serial port . Since there is no way to disable the serial port, these bits should remain unchanged.
Bit 1 of PORTC is used for the LED usage monitor, it can be turned off by clearing CONFIGURATOR USAGE LED bit.
Bit 2 of PORTC is used to adjust the contrast for the __LCD__ display, its default value is set int the autoconfig script.
Bits 3 and 4 are used for I2C communications, while PicPuter does not use the I2C for anything, it is possible a future version may use them.
Bits 3, 4 and 5 may be used for I2S communications in the future.
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| 7.46 | TRISD | IO PortD direction |
Digital IO PortD direction register.
TRISD controls the direction of each pin of the PORTD digital IO port. Writing a one to a bit sets the pin to an input, writing a zero sets the pin to an output.
PortD is shared with the parallel slave port and the __ROBOT_PORT__. If neither are being used, all of these bit are avalable for general purpose IO.
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| 7.47 | TRISE | IO PortE direction |
Digital IO PortE direction register.
TRISE controls the direction of each pin of the PORTE digital IO port. Writing a one to a bit sets the pin to an input, writing a zero sets the pin to an output.
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| 7.48 | TXREG | UART Transmit data register |
Serial Port Transmit Data Register.
This register is used by PicPuter each time a character is transmitted through the serial port. I guess you could transmit a character by writing to this register then enabling the serial port using the TXSTA TXEN bit, but this would be a silly way to transmit a character. Instead use the __CPRINT__ statement.
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|
7.49 | TXSTA | UART transmit status and control |
Serial Port Transmit Status and Control Register.
| CSRC | TX9 | TXEN | SYNC | -- | BRGH | TRMT | TXD9 |
This register is used to control the serial port, it is used extensively by PicPuter to provide reliable communications via the serial port. In most instances this register should be left alone, but perhaps there is a way for a cleaver PicPuter user to use it to his or her advantage.
Bit 2, the BRGH bit is useful, it divides the serial ports baud rate by a factor of four. Normally this but is set upon reset but you can adjust its default in the autoconfig script.
Bit 7 : CSRC : Clock Source Select bit
Bit 6 : TX9 : 9 Bit Transmit Enable Bit
Bit 5 : TXEN : Transmit Enable Bit
Bit 4 : SYNC : USART Mode Select Bit
Bit 3 : Unused :
Bit 2 : BRGH : High Baud Rate Select Bit
Bit 1 : TRMT : Transmit Shift Register Status
Bit 0 : TX9D : 9th Bit of Transmit Data or Parity.
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